Newcomers to yoga are often confused by the term "Ashtanga Yoga," which refers to a modern yoga sequence aka vinyasa series (linking posture with the breath) - but before "Ashtanga Yoga" was a yoga sequence, it was a full-fledged philosophy by the ancient sage of Classical Yoga, Patanjali. Patanjali outlined his eight limbs of yoga, the original "Ashtanga Yoga," in the foundational text of Hatha Yoga, the Yoga Sutras.
So why did Pattabhi Jois name his vinyasa series "Ashtanga Yoga"?
Pattabhi Jois named his vinyasa series "Ashtanga Yoga" to align with the traditional eightfold path outlined by the sage Patanjali in the Yoga Sutras. The term "Ashtanga" comes from Sanskrit, where "Ashta" means eight and "Anga" means limb, referring to the eight limbs (Ashtanga) of yoga described by Patanjali. These limbs serve as a framework for the practice of yoga and include ethical standards, self-discipline, posture, breath control, sensory withdrawal, concentration, meditation, and absorption.
Pattabhi Jois's choice to use the name Ashtanga Yoga for his dynamic series of postures was not intended to create confusion but rather to emphasize the comprehensive nature of his practice, which aims to incorporate all aspects of the eight limbs into one's life through the physical practice (asanas). His method is particularly focused on the third (Asana) and fourth (Pranayama) limbs but is designed in a way that encourages practitioners to engage with all eight limbs, promoting a holistic approach to yoga.
The confusion might arise because "Ashtanga Yoga" is now commonly associated with Pattabhi Jois's specific sequence of poses performed in a dynamic manner, whereas Patanjali's Ashtanga Yoga refers to a broader philosophical system encompassing the full spectrum of yoga practice. Nonetheless, both uses of "Ashtanga Yoga" share a common foundation in their emphasis on a disciplined and dedicated approach to personal development and spiritual growth.
Exactly how does Jois's vinyasa series equate to the other limbs of classical astanga yoga?
Pattabhi Jois's Ashtanga Yoga Vinyasa series incorporates the other limbs of classical Ashtanga (eight-limbed) Yoga in a holistic manner, primarily through the practice of asanas (postures) and pranayama (breath control), but also by guiding practitioners towards experiencing the other six limbs. Here's how:
Yama (ethical standards) and Niyama (self-discipline): Although these initial two limbs are not explicitly practiced through physical postures, the discipline required in Ashtanga Yoga practice encourages adherence to these ethical guidelines and self-disciplinary practices. Regular practice fosters a lifestyle that respects the principles of non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, continence, and non-covetousness (Yamas), as well as purity, contentment, spiritual austerities, study of sacred scriptures, and surrender to God (Niyamas).
Asana (posture): The physical practice of Ashtanga Yoga is primarily focused on asanas. The series is designed to purify the body, improve flexibility, strength, and stamina, and prepare the practitioner for meditation. The precise sequence of poses is intended to realign and detoxify the body.
Pranayama (breath control): Integral to the Ashtanga practice is the focus on Ujjayi breathing, a type of pranayama. This method of breathing is maintained throughout the practice to help control the flow of energy, calm the mind, and aid in maintaining a rhythmic synchronization of breath with movements.
Pratyahara (sensory withdrawal): Ashtanga Yoga leads to pratyahara by directing the practitioner's focus inward. The intense concentration required to perform the sequences helps in withdrawing from external stimuli and turning the senses inward, preparing the practitioner for meditation.
Dharana (concentration): The practice of focusing on specific points during asanas (such as looking places or "Drishti") helps in developing concentration, a key aspect of Dharana. This focused attention prepares the mind for meditation by stabilizing and quieting thought waves.
Dhyana (meditation): Ashtanga Yoga’s structured approach, through its moving meditation (synchronized breath and movement), naturally leads practitioners towards Dhyana. The continuous flow and holding of postures help cultivate a meditative state of mind where awareness is uninterrupted.
Samadhi (absorption): Although Samadhi is a profound state of superconsciousness that may not be achieved by all practitioners, the discipline and dedication to Ashtanga Yoga practice can create conditions conducive to experiencing moments of deep absorption, unity, and connection with the divine.
In summary, while Pattabhi Jois's Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga focuses heavily on the physical aspects of asana and pranayama, it inherently supports and encourages progress through all eight limbs of Ashtanga Yoga by cultivating discipline, concentration, and a meditative focus in its practitioners.
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